一、定义
Future模式用来获取线程的执行结果。在Thread-Per-Message模式中,如果调用一个线程异步执行任务,没有办法获取到返回值,就像:
host.request(10,'A');
而Future模式送出请求后,马上就要获取返回值,就像:Data data=host.request(10,'A');
但是上述的返回值并不是程序的执行结果,因为线程是异步的,主线程调用该该方法时,异步线程可能才刚刚启动。需要一段时间后像下面这样获取执行结果:data.getContent();
二、模式案例
Data接口/实现:
public interface Data { public abstract String getContent();}
public class RealData implements Data { private final String content; public RealData(int count, char c) { System.out.println(" making RealData(" + count + ", " + c + ") BEGIN"); char[] buffer = new char[count]; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { buffer[i] = c; try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } System.out.println(" making RealData(" + count + ", " + c + ") END"); this.content = new String(buffer); } public String getContent() { return content; }}
public class FutureData implements Data { private RealData realdata = null; private boolean ready = false; public synchronized void setRealData(RealData realdata) { if (ready) { return; } this.realdata = realdata; this.ready = true; notifyAll(); } public synchronized String getContent() { while (!ready) { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } return realdata.getContent(); }}
Host类:
public class Host { public Data request(final int count, final char c) { System.out.println(" request(" + count + ", " + c + ") BEGIN"); final FutureData future = new FutureData(); new Thread() { public void run() { RealData realdata = new RealData(count, c); future.setRealData(realdata); } }.start(); System.out.println(" request(" + count + ", " + c + ") END"); return future; }}
执行:
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("main BEGIN"); Host host = new Host(); Data data1 = host.request(10, 'A'); Data data2 = host.request(20, 'B'); Data data3 = host.request(30, 'C'); System.out.println("main otherJob BEGIN"); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } System.out.println("main otherJob END"); System.out.println("data1 = " + data1.getContent()); System.out.println("data2 = " + data2.getContent()); System.out.println("data3 = " + data3.getContent()); System.out.println("main END"); }}
三、模式讲解
Future模式的角色如下:
- Client(委托人)参与者
Client参与者会向Host参与者送出请求(request),Client参与者会马上得到VirtualData,作为请求结果的返回值。(案例中的Main类就是Client)
- Host参与者
Host参与者接受请求(request),然后创建线程进行异步处理。Host参与者会立即返回Future(以VirturalData的形式)。
- VirtualData(虚拟数据)参与者
VirtualData是用来统一代表Future参与者与RealData参与者。(案例中Data接口就是VirtualData参与者)
- RealData(实际数据)参与者
RealData表示实际的数据。
- Future参与者
Future参与者包含获取实际的数据和设置实际数据的方法。Host类会创建该对象,当异步线程处理完成时,会调用Future的设置数据的方法。